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Preterm babies who are born at GA ≥32 weeks and exposed to unblended oxygen may be at risk of developing severe, treatment-requiring ROP earlier than the adopted guidelines from other countries have suggested.

This paper describes specific features associated with various ROP presentations: oxygen-induced retinopathy in animal models, traditional ROP seen in high-income countries with modern oxygen management, and ROP related to excessive oxygen supplementation in low- and middle-income countries: oxygen-associated ROP (OA-ROP).

To address the threat of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), the Stop Infant Blindness in Africa (SIBA) project introduced a comprehensive program, including subspecialty training and oxygen management equipment that can decrease the risk of severe ROP.

In this study, we explore the cost-effectiveness of oxygen management equipment (OME) for the prevention of ROP in Uganda as one example of a strategy that is applicable to SSA broadly, aiming to demonstrate that prevention of ROP-associated visual impairment will prove cost-effective for LMICs in the long term.
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